![]() ![]() IPCC (2010) Deaths in or following police custody: An examination of the cases 1998/99 – 2008/09 found that of the 56 drug-related cases of death in or following custody, 43% had involved restraint of the individual. With specific reference to restraint and drug use, restraint is significantly more likely to be used in a drug-related arrest than during a non-drug-related case. Risk assessment and decision making should be guided by APP on the NDM, APP on Risk principles and Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) (2012) Personal Safety Manual of Guidance (available via College Learn to registered users only).ĭetainees experiencing the effects of alcohol, drugs, a mental health condition or a medical condition are particularly vulnerable to the impact of being restrained. Lessons should be learnt, where appropriate. All actions should be subject to continuous review and must be appropriately recorded. They should consider the immediacy of the threat, necessity of their actions, proportionality and the potential community impact. When identifying options and contingencies, officers are required to apply their training, experience and skill to resolve a situation. ![]() ![]() They should consider what legal powers or policy they may use and be guided by the Code of Ethics. Officers should use all available information to assess the threat and risks of the situation. Officers must be aware of the potential risks to the suspect or detainee when using control and restraint techniques and should be guided by the national decision model (NDM) at all times. This means they are likely to be better equipped to consider the tactical options available that may be necessary and appropriate to the risks that may be presented. When a call comes in requesting police assistance at an incident, staff should obtain as much detail as possible (see information sources) and pass this information on to the officers who are first on scene. Response officers should have access to information regarding the medical, mental or physical condition and/or lifestyle choices (including drug and alcohol use) of the detainee (and others) prior to their arrival at the scene. Officers will be accountable for all instances where force is used.įor further information, see Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine (FFLM) guidance on managing ABD in custody. Custody officers should manage their environment so that situations where the use of force may be necessary are de-escalated.Īll uses of force must be proportionate, lawful and necessary in the circumstances. Staff should treat detainees with dignity and respect and aim to de-escalate any situations that may lead to force having to be used. Principles of using force in custodyĪll police officers and custody staff should be aware of the dangers of positional asphyxia and restraining people experiencing acute behavioural disturbance (ABD), which is a medical emergency.Ī custody office is a controlled environment and the overriding objectives should be to avoid using force in custody. Police officers are frequently required to deal with potentially violent situations and may need to use control and restraint techniques. ![]()
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